Biography: António de Macedo (5 July 1931 − 5 October 2017) was Portuguese filmmaker, writer, university professor and lecturer. He gave up filmmaking in the 1990s as he felt systematically excluded from the state support programs of the Portuguese Ministry of Culture, the only financial source for film production in Portugal in that time. As a consequence, he dedicated himself entirely to writing, investigation and teaching. He published several books, essays, philosophy and fiction.