Biography: Arthur Koestler was a Hungarian/British novelist, essayist and journalist. In 1931, He joined the Communist Party of Germany, but he resigned in 1938 because Stalinism disillusioned him. Koestler embraced a multitude of political as well as non-political issues. Zionism, communism, anti-communism, voluntary euthanasia, abolition of capital punishment, particularly hanging, and the abolition of quarantine for dogs being reimported into the United Kingdom are examples.